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100+ technologies startups should be working on, according to 42 top ClimateTech investors

The urgency for climate mitigation and adaptation technologies has never been greater. 

And so it’s no surprise that founders and scientists around the world are pioneering radical technologies to solve this global challenge.

And it’s no secret that impact investors are doubling down on climate-positive investments to help scale and bring these disruptive solutions to market.

But which solutions do leading investors think ClimateTech startups should be working on? And which technologies are they looking to fund next?

Here at Hack, we spoke to 42 top ClimateTech investors to connect the dots between funding and founders.

Read on to learn about 100+ climate-critical solutions, including:

📈 Overcoming bioreactor capacity shortages
♻️ Upcycling side streams into valorised products
🧱 Scaling carbon negative construction materials
💦 Addressing water valorisation in agtech and industry
💨 Insetting and emission reductions across supply chains
🔨 Bio-based metals and minerals for the energy transition
🌾 Biostimulants, biological pesticides and fossil-free fertilisers

Dive deeper into all these topic areas (and many more) with HackTrends.
Your cheatsheet to getting smarter about ClimateTech. 

100s of investors, founders and consultants already use HackTrends to move faster get early signals and make decisions with conviction. Now you can too.

Become a HackTrends subscriber and save 10%: Sign up today

Max Blanshard @ 2150 

  • Water scarcity: By 2030, there will be a 40% gap between demand for water and existing accessible, reliable, and sustainable supply.

  • Construction materials: Concrete and steel production make up c.15% of global CO2 emissions. These are (literally) the building blocks of cities, and continued urbanisation will drive further growth in this figure.

  • Bioreactor capacity: 60% of the physical inputs to the global economy could, in principal, be produced biologically. By 2040-2050, the bioeconomy has the potential to reduce annual GHG emissions by 7-9% vs. 2018 levels. But, there is a severe global bioreactor capacity shortage.

  • Home decarbonisation: Residential buildings account for 20% of energy related emissions globally. Solutions exist but decarbonising residential heating and cooling is a difficult task due to the scale, complexity, and cost of the challenge.  

Nick de la Forge @ Planet A Ventures

  • Supercritical geothermal energy: Available everywhere, cheap, as a renewable base-load energy source.

  • Space solar: It might be worth a shot to have a base load continuous renewable energy if geothermal does not work.

  • Next-gen water recuperation

  • Low-cost, low-tech cooling

Isabella Fandrych @ Nucleus Capital

  • Water: With increasing temperatures, rising populations, and heightened demand for water supply for H2 production, the industry will need to innovate its approach to using water. Therefore, I am particularly excited about water treatment, recovery, and quality assurance approaches.

  • Bio-based mineral extraction and recovery: Companies harnessing the power of biology to secure the supply of critical minerals for the energy transition such as Lithium.

  • Fertilisers: With global food demand raising, we will need more sustainable solutions for producing fertilisers including new approaches to fixed nitrogen and ammonia. 

Yair Reem @ Extantia

  • Grid: We need to build tomorrow's grid today - both by making the most of existing poles and wires, and by thinking smart about how to build better, NIMBY-proof new infrastructure.

  • Minerals: Minerals are essential ingredients in the key components of today's rapidly growing clean energy technologies. We are actively exploring ways to establish secure supply chains for critical minerals in Europe, which are currently lacking despite the surge in demand driven by the energy transition.

  • Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR): Investments in CDR technologies are surging due to their critical role in combating the climate crisis by actively removing CO2 from the atmosphere and addressing the urgent need to reduce global carbon emissions.

Christian Tang Jespersen @ Acme Capital and Kost Capital and Bodil Sidén @ Kost Capital

  • Rethinking the bioreactor ecosystem: To support the upcoming capacity demands.

  • Gut health: Reducing the amount of processing with people’s gut in mind through smart and natural ingredients 

  • Enablers: Such as AI powered software or smart packaging

  • Ingredient innovation: Any and all ingredients with high defensibility (e.g. within fats and oils)

Christian Guba @ FoodLabs

  • Blue economy 2.0: Oceans offer a vast frontier of untapped opportunities, particularly for carbon sequestration, biomaterials, and bioenergy. Innovations could include deep-sea algae cultivation for biofuel and nutraceuticals, as well as processes to extract excess CO2 from seawater using calcium, potentially mitigating ocean acidification.

  • Insuretech x climate: Insurances in the carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) space with a focus on nature-based solutions such as deforestation or afforestation. For example, in-kind insurance, i.e. offering new carbon credits in the event of a shortfall, might provide protection against price fluctuations.

  • Synbio for nutrient cycling: Imagine microbes engineered to turn food waste into essential nutrients. These could then be returned to the soil or converted into animal feed, possibly closing the nutrient loop, reducing waste, and enhancing food security.

Sonalie Figueiras @ Green Queen, Source Green and Angel Investor

  • Making agricultural inputs petrochemical free: This is a hard one because yields are under pressure everywhere due to food supply disruptions (ironically due to climate change related extreme weather), and that means more fossil fuel-based inputs.

  • Green air conditioning: Experts say we will go from 1 billion units to 4 billion units over the next decades due to global heating. The energy requirements alone will kill any GHG lowering targets. We need more focus on how to find greener cooling solutions. 

  • Behavourial change solutions around reducing meat consumption: It's not easy to get humans to eat less meat but we have to - almost no funding has been allocated towards shift culture, changing behaviours and creating a new food paradigm of what eating in a climate crisis means - we need more investment and ideation here. 

Namratha Kothapalli @ Speedinvest

  • Insetting and emission reduction across supply chains: Without drastically reducing emissions, carbon dioxide removal (of all historic and residual emissions) will be almost useless.

  • Adaptation and resilience solutions across food value chains: Because food systems are (both) massively impacted by climate change (and a significant contributor to climate change), it is imperative that we work towards climate adaptation strategies for food security.

  • Solutions enabling water resilience: Having water at the right place, at the right time, at the right quality and quantity is an increasingly critical problem to tackle as we feel the effects of the planet warming manifest in water change. 

Lindsey Higgins @ Pale blue dot

We need solutions in the water space because we can’t survive without it, and solving many of these problems is also essential to addressing climate change.

  • Industrial water use: In Europe, we use more water for industry than for agriculture. There are many solutions out there focused on water conservation in crop irrigation, but we also need to find ways to reduce or, at the very least, incorporate circular practices into industrial water use.

  • Wastewater valorization: From manufacturing, mining, desalination, and even municipal sources has been viewed as nothing more than a problem, but in many cases is a liquid gold full of valuable materials for extraction. Novel and energy-efficient ways to obtain those resources are needed.

  • Low-emission water management systems: Energy consumption in the water sector is set to double by 2030; every drop of water lost means energy wasted.

Beatriz Franco @ Vita Vera Ventures

  • As with everything else, AI is also powering food: I expect to see more companies using AI and machine learning for product discovery allowing for more accurate predictions, less physical testing and faster turnaround time.

  • Advanced materials: Many new products are showing evidence that performance doesn’t need to be compromised when creating sustainable materials. It will be interesting to see new adoption by established companies, especially in packaging. 

  • Deforestation-free: Products and companies who are ready to commercialise good quality alternatives will have a chance of gaining traction faster than before due to the additional push coming from European legislation.

Shravan Shah @ Synthesis Capital

  • Commercially robust strains / cell lines: SynBio needs to transition from a largely vertically-integrated industry to a horizontal one. We think a core enabler of this transition will be platforms that can quickly and accurately identify commercially viable hosts, and do so across a broad range of cell types and growth conditions. Such technologies will help reduce, by orders of magnitude, the cost of bringing SynBio products to market, helping companies navigate the Valley of Death through to commercialisation.

  • Circular production systems: Feeding a growing population will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, within planetary boundaries. We think the commercial upside of production systems that implement circularity principles (for instance - using a waste stream as feedstock in a fermentation process), will become considerably more attractive as the price and supply of traditional inputs become more volatile over time.

  • Upgrading the “ingredient-stack” of alternative protein products: Most alt-protein products on the market today use a similar set of readily available ingredients that were never optimised for the meat- or dairy-analogue use case. There is tremendous potential for novel ingredients to reduce cost, improve nutrition, minimise unnecessary processing and deliver on taste. In addition to innovative approaches to texturisation, these novel inputs will help usher in a wave of new end-products that better address consumer needs and wants.

Laura Turner @ Agronomics

  • Refiguring fermentation: Levers to reduce unit economics and capex inclusive of AI/ML for process optimisation.

  • Harnessing plants and microbes: Producing high value items has historically been challenging or unsustainable to make (more niche products e.g. nutraceuticals).

  • Cell line providers via licensing for cultivated meat and seafood with the best traits – identifying with high throughput systems.

  • Biomanufacturing: Widening the set of microbes available as workhorses for biomanufacturing.

Jonas von den Driesch @ Shift Invest

  • Food waste remains a tremendous challenge and at the same time an opportunity, impact-wise and financially. The food waste challenge comes from a complex value chain and waste occurring at almost all steps. 

  • Energy transition: New solutions to manage electric grids are needed and the opportunity will only increase with the growing electrification of our society.

  • Sustainable mobility: We are looking for founders working on sustainable aviation and namely enabling technologies like green travel incentive platforms or route optimisation software.

  • Green industries: The chemical sector will be increasingly decoupled from fossil fuels and technologies to facilitate that transition are needed.

Alison Imbert @ Partech Partners

  • Energy-efficient materials: Consuming fewer resources, such as water or petrol, with applications in construction, packaging, and chemistry.

  • Grid and infrastructure optimisation: Aimed at incorporating a higher proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix, mitigating energy spikes, and facilitating the transition towards increased electrification of transportation and industry.

  • Application of GenAI in biology, molecule discovery, and various research fields to accelerate experimentation processes.

Frank Cordesmeyer @ Good Seed Ventures

  • Clean label foods: Tasty products made via solid state fermentation, liquid state fermentation, precision fermentation, biomass fermentation and cultivation of cells will dominate supermarket shelves soon. Solutions that enable the production of delicious clean label products, which are better for the planet and the consumer, at price parity will be key. 

  • Enhanced rock weathering: To sequester significant amounts of carbon, while gradually reducing the need for fertilisers.

  • Regenerative agriculture practices: Repairing soil health and enabling farmers to achieve higher yields. 

Steve Molino @ Clear Current Capital

  • Continued solutions in biomass fermentation: The products have a strong nutritional profile, low levels of processing, and legitimate scalability potential. The players in this space are doing great things, but there’s a lot of potential/room for growth.

  • Cost reduction enabling tech for synbio: From precision fermentation to cultivated, unit economics are simply not where they need to be. Driving down major costs in both upstream and downstream processing should be the focus, so B2B plays in this area are necessities. Examples could be data collection and process optimization software/hardware plays to reduce costs or strain discovery and optimization plays to improve yields/titers.

  • Infrastructure solutions: Primarily around financing for FOAK facilities in synbio. 

Ryan Grant Little @ Podcast Host, Another ClimateTech Podcast and Angel Investor

  • Independent media, transparency, fighting disinformation Especially as well-financed climate deniers start using AI.

  • Blockchain solutions: For secure and transparent handling of data like Scope 3 emissions. Supply chain transparency is going to become ever more important.

  • FinTech for Climate: Solving the problem of the huge need for capital by structuring finance that gets as many types of investors as possible involved, from retail to pension funds

Myke Näf @ Ubermorgen Ventures

  • Low-carbon chemistry

  • Low-carbon industrial heat

  • Scalable, high-quality nature-based solutions with impeccable MRV

  • Scalable carbon sequestration solutions 

  • As a generic evergreen: Process improvements in all kinds of processes through improved efficiency, added circularity or other means

  • Food waste solutions in production or consumption stages: Solutions can tackle any part of the food value chain, but the biggest losses are actually in the production and consumption phases, especially in high and medium income countries.

  • WaterTech solutions: Even though traditionally not much funding went into water solutions, we're now seeing funding in water tech startups increase, showing the increasing relevance of the topic. I'm excited about solutions in water tech in fields such as analytics and measuring, leakage or treatment and recycling.

  • Carbon management/offsetting along the food value chain: There are various approaches such as the implementation and measurement of regenerative agriculture practices or the benchmarking of different suppliers on sustainability dimensions.

  • Enabling technologies in alternative proteins: These technologies can tackle various bottlenecks such as scaling, finding production capacity, or improving their processes. Some of the exciting solutions are focusing on integration of AI, novel bioreactor solutions, or a move towards more continuous processing.

  • Logistics x energy: Energy management & optimisation of warehouse and logistics hubs by connecting distributed energy resources (DERs) with the energy needs of on-site machinery and electrified transportation. Essentially creating and managing a micro-grid.

  • Energy flexibility x real estate: Aligning residential and commercial buildings' energy assets with grid flexibility incentives via API integrations to control and optimise energy utilisation and time of use.

  • Decarbonisation of residential homes: Real Estate portfolio-wide data-driven retrofitting and financing to decarbonise residential homes.

Anna Ottosson @ Mudcake

  • Resilient crops: Technology that increases food production resilience in the time of extreme weather, including crop genetics technology, weather forecasting software, water management technology, desalination solutions and greenhouse efficiency software.

  • Crop yields: Solutions that are lowering our dependence on agrochemicals yet enabling improved yields, including novel fertiliser technology, bio-based solutions and precision agriculture software.

  • Emission reducing tech: B2B solutions that reduce emissions across the existing food supply chain, including cold chain and refrigeration technology, post-harvest treatment, transportation and logistics efficiency and waste water treatment.

Hadar Sutovsky @ ICL Group

  • Integrating AI: Using AI to discover novel ingredients can save up to 70% of discovery costs and significantly shorten time to market. 

  • Regenerative agriculture: Innovative technologies, business models and novel practices that are enabling the transition to regenerative agriculture to support specific regenerative agriculture goals or methods such as soil health and carbon sequestration or cover crops. Technologies such as robotic soil sampling and biological fertilisers, or market-based solutions such as carbon removal marketplaces and ecosystem service payment schemes leveraging technology and data to provide innovative financial solutions.

  • Alternative seafood: Fish stocks are declining due to overfishing, pollution, and climate change. There is a growing need for sustainable alternatives, that’s why cell-culturing technology to produce lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are emerging.

Alexandre Bastos @ Givaudan

  • De-carbonisation: There are a set of different technologies playing in the space of turning CO2 into materials which would go back to a specific industry value chain. This is probably the number 1 issue our society is facing and we definitely need to remove CO2 while clean energy technologies are scaling.

  • Fermentation: The ability to create alternative materials which are more sustainable and reliable by upcycling industrial and consumer food side streams into valorised products. There is a need of a platform technology which can tackle this at global scale, multi-material, cross-industry. We see many "one of's", but no platform.

Puja Balachader @ Carbon13

  • Integrated adaptation and mitigation: Solutions that concurrently address climate resilience and carbon reduction offer dual value. Urban green infrastructure, for instance, provides a carbon sequestration avenue while mitigating the urban heat island effect. It's an embodiment of efficient capital allocation, tackling two critical challenges with a single solution.

  • Low/no carbon air conditioning: In a warming world, the demand trajectory for cooling solutions is evident. Yet, the prevailing air conditioning technologies are energy-intensive and employ high-GWP refrigerants. The investment thesis here is clear: Innovate in cooling, align with decarbonization goals, and tap into a burgeoning market.

  • Decarbonising industrial heat: The industrial sector's thermal energy demand, predominantly sourced from fossil fuels, represents a significant carbon footprint. Transitioning to cleaner heat generation methods, such as solar thermal or electric-based solutions, has both an environmental imperative and a potential market disruption angle.

Gil Horsky @ Flora Ventures

  • NatureTech and biodiversity: Nature-based solutions to protect and restore natural ecosystems, increase carbon sequestration, and deliver biodiversity gains. Including tools enabling companies to measure, manage and report their impact and dependency on nature and biodiversity while meeting regulation

  • Agri-FinTech: New business models that are based on fintech, hedging and carbon credit platforms that provide new revenue streams to farmers and SME agrifood companies  

  • Food as medicine: The lines dividing between the categories of functional foods, supplements and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs will continue to blur. Emergence of new technologies around precision nutrition that will be applied to scientifically validate the efficacy and benefits of functional ingredients and nutraceuticals, such as: medicinal mushrooms, nootropics and adaptogens.

Roberta Franchi @ Counteract VC

  • Ocean MRV solutions in the carbon removal space: Oceans are vital for absorbing carbon dioxide, and have the potential to remove more than 10Gt/year of CO2. Accurate measurement, reporting and verification solutions will be crucial in delivering and scaling up ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) strategies.

  • Carbon negative construction materials: The construction industry is a major emitter of carbon dioxide, with emissions from building operations reaching an all time high of 10Gt of CO2 in 2022. Carbon-negative materials, aimed at removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during their entire life cycle, will help to offset these emissions, contributing to environmental sustainability and reducing the industry's substantial carbon footprint.

  • Precision fermentation for animal-free high-quality proteins: It's projected that by 2050, the world's population will require 70% more protein than what is currently available through traditional animal agriculture. Precision fermentation could offer an efficient and sustainable method for producing high-quality proteins without the need for extensive land use, making it a crucial technology to meet protein needs while minimizing environmental impact.

  • Carbon-Capturing Enzymes: Carbon-capturing enzymes present a potential solution for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, which can aid in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels and mitigating global warming. These have the potential to accelerate CO2 removal across a range of different carbon removal technologies, enhancing their efficiency.

Guillaume de Pracomtal @ Xinomavro Ventures

  • AgTech x AI: AI applied to crop predictions and harvest optimisation

  • Traceability: Technologies to track transport and storage conditions for wine and perishables.

  • Transparency: Technologies for the contents and intrants in food and beverages

Tove Larsson @ Norrsken VC

  • Carbon capture: We have reached a point where emission reduction is no longer enough – we need to also eliminate emissions. To enable this, we need to see more innovation in carbon capture – and for prices for such solutions to come down significantly.

  • Adaptation Solutions: While there are many startups trying to mitigate aspects of climate change, there are few that look at adaptation solutions. These include precision fermentation, regenerative agriculture, and AI-driven climate risk prediction.

  • Tech Convergence: The integration of AI, synthetic biology, and other technologies to ensure traction and impact with climate tech.

  • Energy Storage: Even though there are many success stories up and running, this is a huge problem and we need more problem solvers dedicated to the space if we want to fully unlock the potential of renewables. 

Katarzyna Gil and Ewelina Kuna @ Icos Capital

  • Recycling and upcycling technologies: Focusing on technologies that allow obtaining of materials with similar characteristics to raw materials. Existing technologies are not sufficient and expensive.

  • Carbon utilisation technologies: There is a need to work on technologies that can provide valuable materials from CO2 at a low cost. 

  • Precision fermentation and synthetic biology: Bringing targeted molecules for food, chemical, cosmetic to market. It is necessary to accelerate the reduction of fossil-based and harmful to the environment and human health ingredients.

  • Biotechnology platforms: For technologies providing a more sustainable source of materials or chemicals.

  • AI for industry automatisation / optimisation: Software solutions that help reduce energy needs during the manufacturing process. 

  • All things coffee and wheat-related: From breeding new climate-tolerant plant types to innovative consumer products, like tasty alternative coffee.

  • Agricultural biologicals to improve sustainability: Think biostimulants, biological pesticides and fossil-free fertilisers.

  • Tackling food waste both post and pre-harvest: New estimates mean that as much as 40% of all food is never eaten.

  • Transparency tools: For industry and consumers to increase awareness of various elements of nutrition and sustainability.

Daniel Skaven Ruben, Angel Investor 

  • Constantly enhanced alt protein products: Reducing demand for especially animal-based red meat and dairy - through improved ingredients and infrastructure.

  • Feed supplements and better genetics: To reduce livestock enteric fermentation.

  • Food waste: In high-income countries, solutions to help cut food waste in restaurants and in homes, such as edible coatings for fruits and vegetables, B2B and B2C food waste prevention marketplaces, AI to predict shelf-life, as well as algorithms to mark down items close to expiry dates in supermarkets, and forecasting solutions for restaurants and supermarkets to right-size inventory.

  • CRISPR: To help boost crop yields, make crops more drought and flood tolerant, and e.g. make rice production less methane intense

  • Fossil free fertiliser: Synthetic fertiliser causes more than 2% of total GHGe.

Louis Millon @ Systemiq Capital

  • AI-driven EPD and LCA generation for the built environment

  • Physical climate risk transfer mechanisms: As physical climate risk becomes increasingly front of mind for asset owners we need both new business models to transfer risk beyond traditional insurance products.

  • Climate adaptation technologies: New ways to future-proof our built environment, by taking into account the environmental impacts of new-builds while upgrading the standing assets with appropriate risk mitigation solutions.

Nadim El Khazen @ PeakBridge VC

  • Upcycling: Creating innovative and healthier ingredients from abundant and local waste streams.

  • Using generative and conversational AI: Optimising the food supply chain with AI (e.g. consumer insight, waste reduction, personalised nutrition).

  • Scalable and low capex precision ag and solid-state fermentation technologies to re-localise ingredients that are highly concentrated in very few geographies.

  • Solutions to mineral and freshwater scarcity: Including filtration and premiumisation of local tap water to cut packaging and transportation.

Yoann Berno, ClimateTech Investor and Podcast Host

  • Nuclear fusion: With nuclear fusion, we have the golden ticket to a cleaner, brighter, and boundless energy future. It's not just about power, it's about reshaping our energy narrative and leaving a legacy for countless generations.

  • Self-healing concrete: Imagine roads, bridges, and buildings that mend themselves! By diving into the magic of self-healing concrete, founders can redefine the world of infrastructure. It's the marriage of nature's adaptability with human innovation, making cities of the future more resilient and eco-friendly.

  • Photocatalysis to capture carbon: At its core, photocatalysis relies on semiconductor materials (like titanium dioxide, TiO₂) that become activated when exposed to sunlight or artificial light. One of the key reactions is the reduction of carbon dioxide. One exciting avenue is embedding photocatalytic materials into urban environments, think building facades or road surfaces. This not only captures CO₂ from the atmosphere but also helps degrade pollutants, contributing to cleaner urban air.

Susanne Gløersen @ The Fungi Investment Collective

  • Mycoremediation: Cleaning up contaminated soil and water by the use of fungi.

  • Fungi for a more regenerative agriculture: Improving soil and yield as well as reducing the use of fertilisers and pesticides. 

  • Replacing petroleum-based materials with fungi derived solutions

  • Commercialising frontier fungal research with new and novel ways of harnessing fungi for environmental innovations.

Shayna Harris @ Supply Change Capital

Amir Zaidman @ The Kitchen

  • Taste is king (including texture, of course): A lot of plant-based products are an OK substitute, but are not giving the full user experience.

  • Clean and short labels: Another obstacle for plant-based products is their ultra-processed nature. This is a consumer turn-off.

  • Cost reduction in both precision fermentation as well as cell culturing based products and ingredients (and to a lesser degree, also in plant based), mass adoption will not happen until cost is driven down. Any technology that can drive down costs in these areas is highly valuable. 

  • Scale and capacity: solutions for easy, cost efficient scale-up and manufacturing capacity, especially for biotech based foods.

Markus Pfeiffer @ Bloom Partners

  • Food as medicine: Including medicinal mushrooms, nootropics and adaptogens.

  • Regenerative agriculture: Technologies that speed up the adoption of regenerative farming practices, from AI and data services to fungal and microbial solutions.

  • Enabling tech stack for alt protein: Startups who are reducing costs of growing mediums, those building databases of side streams and relevant APIs.

  • Measurement, Reporting and Verification: MRV for biodiversity is going to be the next driver after decarbonisation in SDGs.

Alexis Caporale @ World Fund

  • Data infrastructure and financial solutions: This will enable farmers to make the transition towards regenerative practices. Beyond carbon credits. It has to be an integral part of how the industry works and connected to the day to day operations of the farmers, its suppliers and customers.

Arman Anatürk @ HackCapital

  • Climate Finance: There is still a massive funding gap we need to fill in order to get climate technologies scaled at the speed we need to meet our net zero goals.

  • I’m excited by solutions that support in further unlocking capital towards sustainable solutions - be that equity, debt, or other non-dilutive options. This includes traditional venture funds like we have on this list, but also startups that find novel approaches or solve climate-specific issues.

  • At the one end we have companies like CarbonEquity that are lowering the barrier to entry for individual investors that want to take part in ClimateTech through progressional venture funds. On the other end we have tools like ClimateAligned that helps professional and institutional investors to make informed investment decisions through enhanced data and insights.

  • In-between there is ample opportunity and demand for tools, and services to further facilitate smart capital towards climate tech, especially as companies here mature and further interest grows in this space from a broader class of investors.

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The urgency for climate mitigation and adaptation technologies has never been greater. 

And so it’s no surprise that founders and scientists around the world are pioneering radical technologies to solve this global challenge.

And it’s no secret that impact investors are doubling down on climate-positive investments to help scale and bring these disruptive solutions to market.

But which solutions do leading investors think ClimateTech startups should be working on? And which technologies are they looking to fund next?

Here at Hack, we spoke to 42 top ClimateTech investors to connect the dots between funding and founders.

Read on to learn about 100+ climate-critical solutions, including:

📈 Overcoming bioreactor capacity shortages
♻️ Upcycling side streams into valorised products
🧱 Scaling carbon negative construction materials
💦 Addressing water valorisation in agtech and industry
💨 Insetting and emission reductions across supply chains
🔨 Bio-based metals and minerals for the energy transition
🌾 Biostimulants, biological pesticides and fossil-free fertilisers

Dive deeper into all these topic areas (and many more) with HackTrends.
Your cheatsheet to getting smarter about ClimateTech. 

100s of investors, founders and consultants already use HackTrends to move faster get early signals and make decisions with conviction. Now you can too.

Become a HackTrends subscriber and save 10%: Sign up today

Max Blanshard @ 2150 

  • Water scarcity: By 2030, there will be a 40% gap between demand for water and existing accessible, reliable, and sustainable supply.

  • Construction materials: Concrete and steel production make up c.15% of global CO2 emissions. These are (literally) the building blocks of cities, and continued urbanisation will drive further growth in this figure.

  • Bioreactor capacity: 60% of the physical inputs to the global economy could, in principal, be produced biologically. By 2040-2050, the bioeconomy has the potential to reduce annual GHG emissions by 7-9% vs. 2018 levels. But, there is a severe global bioreactor capacity shortage.

  • Home decarbonisation: Residential buildings account for 20% of energy related emissions globally. Solutions exist but decarbonising residential heating and cooling is a difficult task due to the scale, complexity, and cost of the challenge.  

Nick de la Forge @ Planet A Ventures

  • Supercritical geothermal energy: Available everywhere, cheap, as a renewable base-load energy source.

  • Space solar: It might be worth a shot to have a base load continuous renewable energy if geothermal does not work.

  • Next-gen water recuperation

  • Low-cost, low-tech cooling

Isabella Fandrych @ Nucleus Capital

  • Water: With increasing temperatures, rising populations, and heightened demand for water supply for H2 production, the industry will need to innovate its approach to using water. Therefore, I am particularly excited about water treatment, recovery, and quality assurance approaches.

  • Bio-based mineral extraction and recovery: Companies harnessing the power of biology to secure the supply of critical minerals for the energy transition such as Lithium.

  • Fertilisers: With global food demand raising, we will need more sustainable solutions for producing fertilisers including new approaches to fixed nitrogen and ammonia. 

Yair Reem @ Extantia

  • Grid: We need to build tomorrow's grid today - both by making the most of existing poles and wires, and by thinking smart about how to build better, NIMBY-proof new infrastructure.

  • Minerals: Minerals are essential ingredients in the key components of today's rapidly growing clean energy technologies. We are actively exploring ways to establish secure supply chains for critical minerals in Europe, which are currently lacking despite the surge in demand driven by the energy transition.

  • Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR): Investments in CDR technologies are surging due to their critical role in combating the climate crisis by actively removing CO2 from the atmosphere and addressing the urgent need to reduce global carbon emissions.

Christian Tang Jespersen @ Acme Capital and Kost Capital and Bodil Sidén @ Kost Capital

  • Rethinking the bioreactor ecosystem: To support the upcoming capacity demands.

  • Gut health: Reducing the amount of processing with people’s gut in mind through smart and natural ingredients 

  • Enablers: Such as AI powered software or smart packaging

  • Ingredient innovation: Any and all ingredients with high defensibility (e.g. within fats and oils)

Christian Guba @ FoodLabs

  • Blue economy 2.0: Oceans offer a vast frontier of untapped opportunities, particularly for carbon sequestration, biomaterials, and bioenergy. Innovations could include deep-sea algae cultivation for biofuel and nutraceuticals, as well as processes to extract excess CO2 from seawater using calcium, potentially mitigating ocean acidification.

  • Insuretech x climate: Insurances in the carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) space with a focus on nature-based solutions such as deforestation or afforestation. For example, in-kind insurance, i.e. offering new carbon credits in the event of a shortfall, might provide protection against price fluctuations.

  • Synbio for nutrient cycling: Imagine microbes engineered to turn food waste into essential nutrients. These could then be returned to the soil or converted into animal feed, possibly closing the nutrient loop, reducing waste, and enhancing food security.

Sonalie Figueiras @ Green Queen, Source Green and Angel Investor

  • Making agricultural inputs petrochemical free: This is a hard one because yields are under pressure everywhere due to food supply disruptions (ironically due to climate change related extreme weather), and that means more fossil fuel-based inputs.

  • Green air conditioning: Experts say we will go from 1 billion units to 4 billion units over the next decades due to global heating. The energy requirements alone will kill any GHG lowering targets. We need more focus on how to find greener cooling solutions. 

  • Behavourial change solutions around reducing meat consumption: It's not easy to get humans to eat less meat but we have to - almost no funding has been allocated towards shift culture, changing behaviours and creating a new food paradigm of what eating in a climate crisis means - we need more investment and ideation here. 

Namratha Kothapalli @ Speedinvest

  • Insetting and emission reduction across supply chains: Without drastically reducing emissions, carbon dioxide removal (of all historic and residual emissions) will be almost useless.

  • Adaptation and resilience solutions across food value chains: Because food systems are (both) massively impacted by climate change (and a significant contributor to climate change), it is imperative that we work towards climate adaptation strategies for food security.

  • Solutions enabling water resilience: Having water at the right place, at the right time, at the right quality and quantity is an increasingly critical problem to tackle as we feel the effects of the planet warming manifest in water change. 

Lindsey Higgins @ Pale blue dot

We need solutions in the water space because we can’t survive without it, and solving many of these problems is also essential to addressing climate change.

  • Industrial water use: In Europe, we use more water for industry than for agriculture. There are many solutions out there focused on water conservation in crop irrigation, but we also need to find ways to reduce or, at the very least, incorporate circular practices into industrial water use.

  • Wastewater valorization: From manufacturing, mining, desalination, and even municipal sources has been viewed as nothing more than a problem, but in many cases is a liquid gold full of valuable materials for extraction. Novel and energy-efficient ways to obtain those resources are needed.

  • Low-emission water management systems: Energy consumption in the water sector is set to double by 2030; every drop of water lost means energy wasted.

Beatriz Franco @ Vita Vera Ventures

  • As with everything else, AI is also powering food: I expect to see more companies using AI and machine learning for product discovery allowing for more accurate predictions, less physical testing and faster turnaround time.

  • Advanced materials: Many new products are showing evidence that performance doesn’t need to be compromised when creating sustainable materials. It will be interesting to see new adoption by established companies, especially in packaging. 

  • Deforestation-free: Products and companies who are ready to commercialise good quality alternatives will have a chance of gaining traction faster than before due to the additional push coming from European legislation.

Shravan Shah @ Synthesis Capital

  • Commercially robust strains / cell lines: SynBio needs to transition from a largely vertically-integrated industry to a horizontal one. We think a core enabler of this transition will be platforms that can quickly and accurately identify commercially viable hosts, and do so across a broad range of cell types and growth conditions. Such technologies will help reduce, by orders of magnitude, the cost of bringing SynBio products to market, helping companies navigate the Valley of Death through to commercialisation.

  • Circular production systems: Feeding a growing population will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, within planetary boundaries. We think the commercial upside of production systems that implement circularity principles (for instance - using a waste stream as feedstock in a fermentation process), will become considerably more attractive as the price and supply of traditional inputs become more volatile over time.

  • Upgrading the “ingredient-stack” of alternative protein products: Most alt-protein products on the market today use a similar set of readily available ingredients that were never optimised for the meat- or dairy-analogue use case. There is tremendous potential for novel ingredients to reduce cost, improve nutrition, minimise unnecessary processing and deliver on taste. In addition to innovative approaches to texturisation, these novel inputs will help usher in a wave of new end-products that better address consumer needs and wants.

Laura Turner @ Agronomics

  • Refiguring fermentation: Levers to reduce unit economics and capex inclusive of AI/ML for process optimisation.

  • Harnessing plants and microbes: Producing high value items has historically been challenging or unsustainable to make (more niche products e.g. nutraceuticals).

  • Cell line providers via licensing for cultivated meat and seafood with the best traits – identifying with high throughput systems.

  • Biomanufacturing: Widening the set of microbes available as workhorses for biomanufacturing.

Jonas von den Driesch @ Shift Invest

  • Food waste remains a tremendous challenge and at the same time an opportunity, impact-wise and financially. The food waste challenge comes from a complex value chain and waste occurring at almost all steps. 

  • Energy transition: New solutions to manage electric grids are needed and the opportunity will only increase with the growing electrification of our society.

  • Sustainable mobility: We are looking for founders working on sustainable aviation and namely enabling technologies like green travel incentive platforms or route optimisation software.

  • Green industries: The chemical sector will be increasingly decoupled from fossil fuels and technologies to facilitate that transition are needed.

Alison Imbert @ Partech Partners

  • Energy-efficient materials: Consuming fewer resources, such as water or petrol, with applications in construction, packaging, and chemistry.

  • Grid and infrastructure optimisation: Aimed at incorporating a higher proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix, mitigating energy spikes, and facilitating the transition towards increased electrification of transportation and industry.

  • Application of GenAI in biology, molecule discovery, and various research fields to accelerate experimentation processes.

Frank Cordesmeyer @ Good Seed Ventures

  • Clean label foods: Tasty products made via solid state fermentation, liquid state fermentation, precision fermentation, biomass fermentation and cultivation of cells will dominate supermarket shelves soon. Solutions that enable the production of delicious clean label products, which are better for the planet and the consumer, at price parity will be key. 

  • Enhanced rock weathering: To sequester significant amounts of carbon, while gradually reducing the need for fertilisers.

  • Regenerative agriculture practices: Repairing soil health and enabling farmers to achieve higher yields. 

Steve Molino @ Clear Current Capital

  • Continued solutions in biomass fermentation: The products have a strong nutritional profile, low levels of processing, and legitimate scalability potential. The players in this space are doing great things, but there’s a lot of potential/room for growth.

  • Cost reduction enabling tech for synbio: From precision fermentation to cultivated, unit economics are simply not where they need to be. Driving down major costs in both upstream and downstream processing should be the focus, so B2B plays in this area are necessities. Examples could be data collection and process optimization software/hardware plays to reduce costs or strain discovery and optimization plays to improve yields/titers.

  • Infrastructure solutions: Primarily around financing for FOAK facilities in synbio. 

Ryan Grant Little @ Podcast Host, Another ClimateTech Podcast and Angel Investor

  • Independent media, transparency, fighting disinformation Especially as well-financed climate deniers start using AI.

  • Blockchain solutions: For secure and transparent handling of data like Scope 3 emissions. Supply chain transparency is going to become ever more important.

  • FinTech for Climate: Solving the problem of the huge need for capital by structuring finance that gets as many types of investors as possible involved, from retail to pension funds

Myke Näf @ Ubermorgen Ventures

  • Low-carbon chemistry

  • Low-carbon industrial heat

  • Scalable, high-quality nature-based solutions with impeccable MRV

  • Scalable carbon sequestration solutions 

  • As a generic evergreen: Process improvements in all kinds of processes through improved efficiency, added circularity or other means

  • Food waste solutions in production or consumption stages: Solutions can tackle any part of the food value chain, but the biggest losses are actually in the production and consumption phases, especially in high and medium income countries.

  • WaterTech solutions: Even though traditionally not much funding went into water solutions, we're now seeing funding in water tech startups increase, showing the increasing relevance of the topic. I'm excited about solutions in water tech in fields such as analytics and measuring, leakage or treatment and recycling.

  • Carbon management/offsetting along the food value chain: There are various approaches such as the implementation and measurement of regenerative agriculture practices or the benchmarking of different suppliers on sustainability dimensions.

  • Enabling technologies in alternative proteins: These technologies can tackle various bottlenecks such as scaling, finding production capacity, or improving their processes. Some of the exciting solutions are focusing on integration of AI, novel bioreactor solutions, or a move towards more continuous processing.

  • Logistics x energy: Energy management & optimisation of warehouse and logistics hubs by connecting distributed energy resources (DERs) with the energy needs of on-site machinery and electrified transportation. Essentially creating and managing a micro-grid.

  • Energy flexibility x real estate: Aligning residential and commercial buildings' energy assets with grid flexibility incentives via API integrations to control and optimise energy utilisation and time of use.

  • Decarbonisation of residential homes: Real Estate portfolio-wide data-driven retrofitting and financing to decarbonise residential homes.

Anna Ottosson @ Mudcake

  • Resilient crops: Technology that increases food production resilience in the time of extreme weather, including crop genetics technology, weather forecasting software, water management technology, desalination solutions and greenhouse efficiency software.

  • Crop yields: Solutions that are lowering our dependence on agrochemicals yet enabling improved yields, including novel fertiliser technology, bio-based solutions and precision agriculture software.

  • Emission reducing tech: B2B solutions that reduce emissions across the existing food supply chain, including cold chain and refrigeration technology, post-harvest treatment, transportation and logistics efficiency and waste water treatment.

Hadar Sutovsky @ ICL Group

  • Integrating AI: Using AI to discover novel ingredients can save up to 70% of discovery costs and significantly shorten time to market. 

  • Regenerative agriculture: Innovative technologies, business models and novel practices that are enabling the transition to regenerative agriculture to support specific regenerative agriculture goals or methods such as soil health and carbon sequestration or cover crops. Technologies such as robotic soil sampling and biological fertilisers, or market-based solutions such as carbon removal marketplaces and ecosystem service payment schemes leveraging technology and data to provide innovative financial solutions.

  • Alternative seafood: Fish stocks are declining due to overfishing, pollution, and climate change. There is a growing need for sustainable alternatives, that’s why cell-culturing technology to produce lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are emerging.

Alexandre Bastos @ Givaudan

  • De-carbonisation: There are a set of different technologies playing in the space of turning CO2 into materials which would go back to a specific industry value chain. This is probably the number 1 issue our society is facing and we definitely need to remove CO2 while clean energy technologies are scaling.

  • Fermentation: The ability to create alternative materials which are more sustainable and reliable by upcycling industrial and consumer food side streams into valorised products. There is a need of a platform technology which can tackle this at global scale, multi-material, cross-industry. We see many "one of's", but no platform.

Puja Balachader @ Carbon13

  • Integrated adaptation and mitigation: Solutions that concurrently address climate resilience and carbon reduction offer dual value. Urban green infrastructure, for instance, provides a carbon sequestration avenue while mitigating the urban heat island effect. It's an embodiment of efficient capital allocation, tackling two critical challenges with a single solution.

  • Low/no carbon air conditioning: In a warming world, the demand trajectory for cooling solutions is evident. Yet, the prevailing air conditioning technologies are energy-intensive and employ high-GWP refrigerants. The investment thesis here is clear: Innovate in cooling, align with decarbonization goals, and tap into a burgeoning market.

  • Decarbonising industrial heat: The industrial sector's thermal energy demand, predominantly sourced from fossil fuels, represents a significant carbon footprint. Transitioning to cleaner heat generation methods, such as solar thermal or electric-based solutions, has both an environmental imperative and a potential market disruption angle.

Gil Horsky @ Flora Ventures

  • NatureTech and biodiversity: Nature-based solutions to protect and restore natural ecosystems, increase carbon sequestration, and deliver biodiversity gains. Including tools enabling companies to measure, manage and report their impact and dependency on nature and biodiversity while meeting regulation

  • Agri-FinTech: New business models that are based on fintech, hedging and carbon credit platforms that provide new revenue streams to farmers and SME agrifood companies  

  • Food as medicine: The lines dividing between the categories of functional foods, supplements and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs will continue to blur. Emergence of new technologies around precision nutrition that will be applied to scientifically validate the efficacy and benefits of functional ingredients and nutraceuticals, such as: medicinal mushrooms, nootropics and adaptogens.

Roberta Franchi @ Counteract VC

  • Ocean MRV solutions in the carbon removal space: Oceans are vital for absorbing carbon dioxide, and have the potential to remove more than 10Gt/year of CO2. Accurate measurement, reporting and verification solutions will be crucial in delivering and scaling up ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) strategies.

  • Carbon negative construction materials: The construction industry is a major emitter of carbon dioxide, with emissions from building operations reaching an all time high of 10Gt of CO2 in 2022. Carbon-negative materials, aimed at removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during their entire life cycle, will help to offset these emissions, contributing to environmental sustainability and reducing the industry's substantial carbon footprint.

  • Precision fermentation for animal-free high-quality proteins: It's projected that by 2050, the world's population will require 70% more protein than what is currently available through traditional animal agriculture. Precision fermentation could offer an efficient and sustainable method for producing high-quality proteins without the need for extensive land use, making it a crucial technology to meet protein needs while minimizing environmental impact.

  • Carbon-Capturing Enzymes: Carbon-capturing enzymes present a potential solution for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, which can aid in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels and mitigating global warming. These have the potential to accelerate CO2 removal across a range of different carbon removal technologies, enhancing their efficiency.

Guillaume de Pracomtal @ Xinomavro Ventures

  • AgTech x AI: AI applied to crop predictions and harvest optimisation

  • Traceability: Technologies to track transport and storage conditions for wine and perishables.

  • Transparency: Technologies for the contents and intrants in food and beverages

Tove Larsson @ Norrsken VC

  • Carbon capture: We have reached a point where emission reduction is no longer enough – we need to also eliminate emissions. To enable this, we need to see more innovation in carbon capture – and for prices for such solutions to come down significantly.

  • Adaptation Solutions: While there are many startups trying to mitigate aspects of climate change, there are few that look at adaptation solutions. These include precision fermentation, regenerative agriculture, and AI-driven climate risk prediction.

  • Tech Convergence: The integration of AI, synthetic biology, and other technologies to ensure traction and impact with climate tech.

  • Energy Storage: Even though there are many success stories up and running, this is a huge problem and we need more problem solvers dedicated to the space if we want to fully unlock the potential of renewables. 

Katarzyna Gil and Ewelina Kuna @ Icos Capital

  • Recycling and upcycling technologies: Focusing on technologies that allow obtaining of materials with similar characteristics to raw materials. Existing technologies are not sufficient and expensive.

  • Carbon utilisation technologies: There is a need to work on technologies that can provide valuable materials from CO2 at a low cost. 

  • Precision fermentation and synthetic biology: Bringing targeted molecules for food, chemical, cosmetic to market. It is necessary to accelerate the reduction of fossil-based and harmful to the environment and human health ingredients.

  • Biotechnology platforms: For technologies providing a more sustainable source of materials or chemicals.

  • AI for industry automatisation / optimisation: Software solutions that help reduce energy needs during the manufacturing process. 

  • All things coffee and wheat-related: From breeding new climate-tolerant plant types to innovative consumer products, like tasty alternative coffee.

  • Agricultural biologicals to improve sustainability: Think biostimulants, biological pesticides and fossil-free fertilisers.

  • Tackling food waste both post and pre-harvest: New estimates mean that as much as 40% of all food is never eaten.

  • Transparency tools: For industry and consumers to increase awareness of various elements of nutrition and sustainability.

Daniel Skaven Ruben, Angel Investor 

  • Constantly enhanced alt protein products: Reducing demand for especially animal-based red meat and dairy - through improved ingredients and infrastructure.

  • Feed supplements and better genetics: To reduce livestock enteric fermentation.

  • Food waste: In high-income countries, solutions to help cut food waste in restaurants and in homes, such as edible coatings for fruits and vegetables, B2B and B2C food waste prevention marketplaces, AI to predict shelf-life, as well as algorithms to mark down items close to expiry dates in supermarkets, and forecasting solutions for restaurants and supermarkets to right-size inventory.

  • CRISPR: To help boost crop yields, make crops more drought and flood tolerant, and e.g. make rice production less methane intense

  • Fossil free fertiliser: Synthetic fertiliser causes more than 2% of total GHGe.

Louis Millon @ Systemiq Capital

  • AI-driven EPD and LCA generation for the built environment

  • Physical climate risk transfer mechanisms: As physical climate risk becomes increasingly front of mind for asset owners we need both new business models to transfer risk beyond traditional insurance products.

  • Climate adaptation technologies: New ways to future-proof our built environment, by taking into account the environmental impacts of new-builds while upgrading the standing assets with appropriate risk mitigation solutions.

Nadim El Khazen @ PeakBridge VC

  • Upcycling: Creating innovative and healthier ingredients from abundant and local waste streams.

  • Using generative and conversational AI: Optimising the food supply chain with AI (e.g. consumer insight, waste reduction, personalised nutrition).

  • Scalable and low capex precision ag and solid-state fermentation technologies to re-localise ingredients that are highly concentrated in very few geographies.

  • Solutions to mineral and freshwater scarcity: Including filtration and premiumisation of local tap water to cut packaging and transportation.

Yoann Berno, ClimateTech Investor and Podcast Host

  • Nuclear fusion: With nuclear fusion, we have the golden ticket to a cleaner, brighter, and boundless energy future. It's not just about power, it's about reshaping our energy narrative and leaving a legacy for countless generations.

  • Self-healing concrete: Imagine roads, bridges, and buildings that mend themselves! By diving into the magic of self-healing concrete, founders can redefine the world of infrastructure. It's the marriage of nature's adaptability with human innovation, making cities of the future more resilient and eco-friendly.

  • Photocatalysis to capture carbon: At its core, photocatalysis relies on semiconductor materials (like titanium dioxide, TiO₂) that become activated when exposed to sunlight or artificial light. One of the key reactions is the reduction of carbon dioxide. One exciting avenue is embedding photocatalytic materials into urban environments, think building facades or road surfaces. This not only captures CO₂ from the atmosphere but also helps degrade pollutants, contributing to cleaner urban air.

Susanne Gløersen @ The Fungi Investment Collective

  • Mycoremediation: Cleaning up contaminated soil and water by the use of fungi.

  • Fungi for a more regenerative agriculture: Improving soil and yield as well as reducing the use of fertilisers and pesticides. 

  • Replacing petroleum-based materials with fungi derived solutions

  • Commercialising frontier fungal research with new and novel ways of harnessing fungi for environmental innovations.

Shayna Harris @ Supply Change Capital

Amir Zaidman @ The Kitchen

  • Taste is king (including texture, of course): A lot of plant-based products are an OK substitute, but are not giving the full user experience.

  • Clean and short labels: Another obstacle for plant-based products is their ultra-processed nature. This is a consumer turn-off.

  • Cost reduction in both precision fermentation as well as cell culturing based products and ingredients (and to a lesser degree, also in plant based), mass adoption will not happen until cost is driven down. Any technology that can drive down costs in these areas is highly valuable. 

  • Scale and capacity: solutions for easy, cost efficient scale-up and manufacturing capacity, especially for biotech based foods.

Markus Pfeiffer @ Bloom Partners

  • Food as medicine: Including medicinal mushrooms, nootropics and adaptogens.

  • Regenerative agriculture: Technologies that speed up the adoption of regenerative farming practices, from AI and data services to fungal and microbial solutions.

  • Enabling tech stack for alt protein: Startups who are reducing costs of growing mediums, those building databases of side streams and relevant APIs.

  • Measurement, Reporting and Verification: MRV for biodiversity is going to be the next driver after decarbonisation in SDGs.

Alexis Caporale @ World Fund

  • Data infrastructure and financial solutions: This will enable farmers to make the transition towards regenerative practices. Beyond carbon credits. It has to be an integral part of how the industry works and connected to the day to day operations of the farmers, its suppliers and customers.

Arman Anatürk @ HackCapital

  • Climate Finance: There is still a massive funding gap we need to fill in order to get climate technologies scaled at the speed we need to meet our net zero goals.

  • I’m excited by solutions that support in further unlocking capital towards sustainable solutions - be that equity, debt, or other non-dilutive options. This includes traditional venture funds like we have on this list, but also startups that find novel approaches or solve climate-specific issues.

  • At the one end we have companies like CarbonEquity that are lowering the barrier to entry for individual investors that want to take part in ClimateTech through progressional venture funds. On the other end we have tools like ClimateAligned that helps professional and institutional investors to make informed investment decisions through enhanced data and insights.

  • In-between there is ample opportunity and demand for tools, and services to further facilitate smart capital towards climate tech, especially as companies here mature and further interest grows in this space from a broader class of investors.

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